Running a larch live-CD/USB system

Of course the details depend on what you have installed and how you have
configured it. For example, the 'mini2' example profile builds a console-only system,
the 'xmaxi' profile boots to xfce4.

One thing worth noting is that these supplied profiles automatically login
to the root account, which - potentially - allows all sorts of 'dangerous' actions,
like reformatting your disks or making a mess of your file-systems in other ways.
This is because one of the main raisons d'être for larch is its use
as an Arch-installation-and-rescue medium. For this, you need root access.
However, if you want to use the system in other ways, e.g. for text or image editing,
or for internet browsing or e-mail writing, it might be safer to do this as an
unprivileged user. Such a user is easily created with the 'adduser' command, or
in KDE with 'kuser' (or using the 'luser.py' script in the larch
'luser' package). If you have a writable boot medium, such changes can be
'remembered' by saving the session when you shut the system down (the possibility
will normally be offered automatically).

启动引导参数

由于larch制作系统本身就是高度可配置的，因此启动引导参数也可以配置，默认情况下有“swap”和“c2r”这两个参数。
“swap”表示将使用已有的交换分区（默认不使用）。
“c2r”表示复制到内存（Copy to RAM，译者注），还句话说，就是在初始化前就将系统的全部数据复制到内存，这样一来系统运行得就更快，并且可以脱离引导媒体（比如说光盘就可以弹出去，而插入另外的光盘）。当然这样也要求有大量的内存（至少比引导媒体的容量要大），而且由于要复制数据，启动过程也会更慢。因此，由于大量的内存需求，我们预设“c2r”参数自动启动“swap”参数。
对于U盘作为启动媒介这种情况，通常不需要使用“c2r”参数，因为他并不像光盘媒介一样占用着光驱。（如果确实需要插入别的光盘，而系统又无法直接从USB设备引导的时候，即使没有“c2r”参数，在启动后也可以把原来的光盘取掉）。
还有一些参数和引导媒体密切相关。比如说“nocd”参数，可以防止从光盘中启动。特别是你希望将LiveCD作为引导盘引导别的设备上的系统的时候。比如说硬盘上的系统咔嚓了，需要引导到该系统中进行修复，这个参数就派上用场了。
“root=”选项允许明确指定包含larch系统的设备。如果larch系统在USB设备上时，挂载USB设备前可能需要一定的延时，可以使用“usbdelay=”选项。这样在挂在root设备之前就会有几秒钟的等待了。

配置Configuration

The supplied profiles are just intended as starting points for your own
configurations, they are fairly primitive, in fact only a little more than a newly
installed Arch sytem. If you are running a profile with X11, you may find that you
need to configure it before it will run. Since Xorg version 7.3, it
is often possible to run without an /etc/X11/xorg.conf, but
it may be necessary to create and tweak the configuration file for your system.
You can try 'X -configure' or 'xorgconfig' to create a starting point which you can
then tweak. Start X with startx.

The 'xmini' and 'xmaxi' profiles use a slightly more elaborate login approach on
the first terminal, with a simple menu as well as automatic login. There is also
a logout gui for xfce, which together with the login script can
trigger session saving directly, bypassing the console prompt.

If you are stuck with the console, there is still hope. It's not as pretty or
newbie friendly as an X11 desktop, but still quite capable. I always like to have
mc available, it's a real godsend for non-geeks (you should also install
lynx so that HTML files can be displayed on the console - at a
pinch you can also surf with it, but it is painful).

If your console keyboard map is
wrong, try running km (I stole this from the
standard Arch install CD and modified it a bit to work in larch).
It also modifies '/etc/rc.conf', so the change can be retained for subsequent
runs by performing a 'session-save'.

If you have a DHCP server on your network, you might well find that
the network interface is configured automatically (assuming your rc.conf
is configured appropriately). Otherwise you can use any method to set up
the network available in Arch Linux - see the appropriate
Arch Linux documentation (primarily the wiki, I guess) for details.

Of course the exact details of what you can do depends on what
software you installed, so I won't rabbit on endlessly about it here.
Nearly all configuration details should be just the same as in a normal,
hard-disk based installation.

Installation to hard disk

The larch hard-disk installer larchin may be used to install
Arch Linux to hard disk (or similar). At the moment it is very fresh
and rather minimal, probably rather buggy, but I hope it will improve over time.
It is not intended as a complete solution for all aspects of Arch installation,
but I have tried to concentrate on those areas that are unique to the installation
process. In other words it does very little system configuration, because such
requirements can also exist in an already installed system, so I think this should
be covered by separate tools.
larchin deals with partitioning and formatting of hard drives, placing
Arch Linux (primarily a copy of the live system on which it is running)
on the newly formatted partitions, and installation of the GRUB bootloader.
It is so fresh that it hasn't yet got any documentation yet, but it's usage
should be very straightforward - just run 'larchin.py', as root).

As mentioned above the main approach to Arch installation covered by
larchin is to copy the contents of the live system to a hard drive. Those
(few) bits peculiar to the needs of a live system are removed and the result is a
completely normal Arch Linux installation. I should perhaps mention
the file 'larch0' in the '/.livesys' directory (copied there from the 'larch/copy'
directory on the boot medium). This script is run at the end of the installation
(if it exists) and allows custom installation actions to be performed.

将Live系统安装到硬盘

有时候，我们常常希望将制作在光盘或者U盘上的Live系统固定到硬盘上。尤其是当你从闪存设备上运行的该系统的时候，他只提供了很少（在光盘中甚至没有）的写入权限，这样有时候就有点不方便了。
在larch-live软件包中有一个larch2hdd脚本可以完成这样的任务。在使用larch2hdd之前你需要手动分区并格式化成ext2格式。larch2hdd在安装完系统后会将GRUB安装到这个分区或者是MBR中

从USB中的Live系统创建光盘Live系统

在用U盘创建并配置好一个Live系统后，你可能有点想把他固定到光盘上。这很简单，你只需使用larch软件包提供的create-iso脚本就可以完成这一任务。
你在运行中的U盘Live系统上或者别的Linux系统上，使用这个脚本来创建iso镜像。需要注意的是，你要确保有足够的磁盘空间（大概两倍于当前系统）。如果空间不够，尤其是U盘系统，你必须挂在一个硬盘分区上去。另外要注意的是，这样制作的光盘镜像是U盘系统最后一次退出的状态。